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TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
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TIME, Almanac of the 20th Century.ISO
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1990
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93
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apr_jun
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05039929.000
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1994-02-27
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<text>
<title>
(May 03, 1993) In The Grip Of A Psychopath
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
May 03, 1993 Tragedy in Waco
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
COVER, Page 34
In The Grip Of A Psychopath
</hdr>
<body>
<p>By RICHARD LACAYO--With reporting by Wendy Cole/New York and
Richard Woodbury/Waco
</p>
<p> There were occasions when David Koresh enforced
discipline among his followers the hard way. One of his
hand-picked lieutenants would paddle the rule breakers with an
oar on which were inscribed the words IT IS WRITTEN. Most of the
time that wasn't necessary. In the manner of cult leaders before
him, Koresh held sway largely through means that were both more
subtle and more degrading. Food was rationed in unpredictable
ways. Newcomers were gradually relieved of their bank accounts
and personal possessions. And while the men were subjected to
an uneasy celibacy, Koresh took their wives and daughters as his
concubines.
</p>
<p> All of it just confirmed his power in the eyes of his
flock. And for anyone who thought it odd that a holy man lived
out a teenage boy's sexual fantasy, Koresh had a mangled
theological rationale. He was Jesus Christ in sinful form, who
because he indulged the flesh could judge mankind with insights
that the first, more virtuous Messiah had lacked. Or as he put
it in one of his harangues to the faithful: "Now what better
sinner can know a sinner than a godly sinner? Huh?"
</p>
<p> Equipped with both a creamy charm and a cold-blooded
willingness to manipulate those drawn to him, Koresh was a type
well known to students of cult practices: the charismatic leader
with a pathological edge. He was the most spectacular example
since Jim Jones, who committed suicide in 1978 with more than
900 of his followers at the People's Temple in Guyana. Like
Jones, Koresh fashioned a tight-knit community that saw itself
at desperate odds with the world outside. He plucked sexual
partners as he pleased from among his followers and formed an
elite guard of lieutenants to enforce his will. And like Jones,
he led his followers to their doom.
</p>
<p> Psychologists are inclined to classify Koresh as a
psychopath, always with the reminder that such people can be
nothing short of enchanting on a first encounter. "The
psychopath is often charming, bright, very persuasive," explains
Louis West, a professor of psychiatry at the University of
California at Los Angeles medical school. "He quickly wins
people's trust and is uncannily adept at manipulating and
conning people." David Jewell, whose former wife died in last
week's fire, had a brief phone conversation with Koresh five
years ago that left him in shock. "In 20 minutes, he took my
entire Christian upbringing and put it in such a tailspin, I
didn't know what I believed."
</p>
<p> Once in the cult, Davidians surrendered all the material
means of personal independence, like money and belongings, while
Koresh seemed to have unlimited funds, much of the money
apparently from his followers' nest eggs. The grounds around the
compound were littered with old automobiles that the faithful
cannibalized for parts to keep their clunkers running while
Koresh drove a black Camaro muscle car.
</p>
<p> At lengthy sessions of biblical preaching that cult
members attended twice a day, Koresh underlined his authority
by impressing upon them that he alone understood the Scriptures.
He changed his interpretations at will, while his unsteady flock
struggled to keep up. In a tactic common to cult leaders, Koresh
made food a tool for ensuring obedience. The compound diet was
often insufficient, varying according to the leader's whim.
Sometimes dinner was stew or chicken; at other times it might
be nothing but popcorn. On their infrequent trips to Waco,
cultists could be seen wolfing down packaged cheese in
convenience stores. Household and dietary rules at the compound
were as changeable as the theology. Koresh established strict
bans on sugar and ice cream, then reversed them without
explanation. He told his disciples they could buy chicken hot
dogs, but exploded in anger when they brought home chicken
bologna instead.
</p>
<p> Having convinced his followers that he was the messiah,
Koresh went on to persuade them that because his seed was
divine, only he had the right to procreate. Even as Koresh
bedded their wives and daughters--some as young as 11--in
his comfortable private bedroom on the second floor, the men
were confined to their dormitory downstairs. Behind the mind
games and psychological sadism lay the threat of physical force.
In addition to the paddlings, administered in a utility area
called the spanking room, offenders could be forced down into
a pit of raw sewage, then not allowed to bathe.
</p>
<p> No amount of adulation seemed to satisfy Koresh, whose
egomania apparently disguised an emptiness at his center.
Fallen-away follower Marc Breault, who sometimes played bass in
the rock band Koresh organized at the compound, says that even
practicing together was difficult because Koresh threw tantrums
when he hit a wrong note in front of the others. "It's very
difficult being in a band with God's messenger," says Breault.
</p>
<p> As the Davidians stockpiled guns and ammunition, Koresh's
theology centered more obsessively upon the coming Apocalypse,
binding Koresh and his followers in a vision of shared
catastrophe in order to maintain their focus and resist the
overtures of the authorities outside the compound. "Koresh would
say we would have to suffer, that we were going to be persecuted
and some of us would be killed and tortured," recalls David
Bunds, who left the compound in 1989.
</p>
<p> As Koresh and his followers heightened the melodrama,
their ties with the outside world became irretrievably broken.
"The adulation of this confined group works on this charismatic
leader so that he in turn spirals into greater and greater
paranoia," says Murray Miron, a psychologist who advised the FBI
during the standoff. "He's playing a role that his followers
have cast him in." In the end, Koresh and his flock may have
magnified one another's needs. He looked to them to confirm his
belief that he was God's appointed one, destined for a martyr's
death. They looked to him to bring their spiritual wanderings
to a close. In the flames of last week, they all may have found
what they were searching for.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>